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These cells may be used for electrophysiological studies on plasma membrane calcium channels and also for studies of intracellular calcium homeostasis in secretory cells.

Cloned cDNA from GH4C1 cells has been used to investigate the structure and regulation of the rat TRH receptor.

Note:  Cytogenetic information is based on initial seed stock at ATCC.  Cytogenetic instability has been reported in the literature for some cell lines.

GH4C1 cells differ from GH3 cells in that basal levels of growth hormone production are low (0.06 µg or less hormone/mg cell protein/24 hours).

1. Remove and discard culture medium.. Sometimes many cells are floating, they can be harvested by centrifugation of medium instead of discarding it.
2. Add 2.0 to 3.0 mL of 0.25% (w/v) Trypsin- 0.53 mM EDTA solution to flask and observe cells under an inverted microscope until cell layer is dispersed (usually within 5 to 15 minutes).
3. Add 6.0 to 8.0 mL of complete growth medium and aspirate cells by gently pipetting.
4. Add appropriate aliquots of the cell suspension to new culture vessels.
5. Incubate cultures at 37°C.

Tashjian AH Jr., et al. Establishment of clonal strains of rat pituitary tumor cells that secrete growth hormone. Endocrinology 82: 342-352, 1968. PubMed: 4951281

Dannies PS and Tashjian AH. Growth Hormone and Prolactin from Rat Pituitary Tumor cells. Tissue Culture: methods and applications. pp. 561-569, New York: Academic Press; 1973.

Takemoto H, et al. Adrenotropic activity of mammo-somatotropic tumors in rats and mice. I. Biologic aspects. Cancer Res. 22: 917-924, 1962. PubMed: 13984648

Tashjian AH Jr.. Clonal strains of hormone-producing pituitary cells. Methods Enzymol. 58: 527-535, 1979. PubMed: 218079

Zhao D, et al. Molecular cloning of a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid encoding the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor and regulation of its messenger ribonucleic acid in rat GH cells [published erratum appears in Endocrinology 132: 2658, 1993]. Endocrinology 130: 3529-3536, 1992. PubMed: 1317787

Albert PR, Tashjian AH Jr.. Relationship of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced spike and plateau phases in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations to hormone secretion. Selective blockade using ionomycin and nifedipine. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 15350-15363, 1984. PubMed: 6439720